ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™

William Feather

ืดืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื ืข ืžืืชื ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจืด

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื™ื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืœ 300 ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื›-100 ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื•.

ืกืš ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืฉื ืฉื›ื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ.

 ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื™ืฉืจืช ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช/ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืืžื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ 2 ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืชื›ืžื•  ื‘-70,000 โ‚ช?

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2010, ื”ื—ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื. ืืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืขโ€ื™ ืžื›ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืจ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.

ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืขืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2009, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื•, ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.

ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ืขืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื, ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.

ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜; ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื’ืžืจ, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ืกื•ื’ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื˜ืขื, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”.

ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2010, ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” โ€œื ื—ืชื•โ€ ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.

โ€œื”ื”ืคืชืขื”โ€ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื‘ืขื” ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก; ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืขโ€ื™ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื•ื ืกืื•ืช. ืžื™ื™ื“ ืขื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื— ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง 3 ืžื˜ืจื™ื. ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ื–ืขื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืœื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ื‘-40,000 โ‚ช.

โ€œื”ื”ืคืชืขื”โ€ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื“ื™ืคื•ืŸ; ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืฉืœื“, ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื“ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื—ืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืจืชืฃ.

ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืฉืœื“ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื•ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื—ืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืจืชืฃ ืœืœื ืงื™ืจ ื“ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืขืฅ ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืฉืœื“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื•ืืช ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืืœื• ื”ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื โ€ืœ.

ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื‘ืืชืจ, ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื“ืคืŸ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื—ืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืจืชืฃ. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ื‘-30,000 โ‚ช.

ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”

ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ื“ื”ืžื• ืœืžืฉืžืข ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ื—ืฉื“ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”; ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ, ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ื”ืžืคืงื—, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. โ€œื—ืงื™ืจืชืโ€ ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืืœื• ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื›ื ื ื ืื• ืœืฆืคื•ืชื ืžืจืืฉ.

ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื™ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจืžื• ืœืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉืฉ ืจื‘ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื, ื”ื ืฉื›ืจื• ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืืœื™ื• ื ืงืœืขื•.

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืขืฆืžื ืชื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื™ื’ืœื• ืขื•ื“ โ€œื”ืคืชืขื•ืชโ€ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืš 70,000 โ‚ช ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ืœืื”.

ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื ืงืœืขื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜?

ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื™ืขื–ืจื• ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ื ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื™ืฉ. ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื•ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. 

ื™ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืจืžื˜ื™. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช.

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืชื.  ืืœื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืืœื•

1-ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื•.

2-ื“ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ.

3-ืชืื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—.

4-ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. 

ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืจื•ืฅ ื—ืœืง ืื ืจืง ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืจื•ืฅ ื—ืœืง. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืžื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื•.

ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฆ'ื™ืจืฆ'ื™ืœ

ืดื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื•, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืด

ืžื”ื• ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜?

ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื– ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.


ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืจื•ืš ืชื™ืื•ื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.


ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ.


ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืจืขืช. ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื ืœืžื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•ืชืช ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.


ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–.

ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืจื™ื›ืชื•

ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื ืื• ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืืœื• ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื•ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”:

1-ืœืคื ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ (ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื)

2-ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืชืจ (ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžืคืจื˜ ื›ืœืœื™)

3-ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœ ื”ื ืขืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข (ืœื•ื— ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ืžืฉืจืช ื’ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ืกืคื™, ืžืคืจื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขื ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘).

ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘

ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืžืื“ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื“ ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืชืœื•ื™ ืžื™ ื‘ื ื” ืื•ืชื•. ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžืขื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื•, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื, ืžื”ื• ืคืขืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื”. ืื ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ืงืžืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืืชื” ืžืงืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

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    ื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
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    ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
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    ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื™ืžื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช.
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    ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช.
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    ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก.
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    ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื.
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    ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื.
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    ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคื•ืŸ.
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    ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœืš.
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    ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
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     ืคื’ืžื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืคืชื.
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    ื”ืคืกืงืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืคืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
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    ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช.
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    ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื (ืžืขโ€ืž ื•ื›ื“โ€™).
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    ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ).
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    ื”ื™ืฆืข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข.
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    ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช (ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช).
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    ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืขืจื”- ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื• ื•ื“ื™ื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

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    ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื˜ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
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    ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
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    ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื/ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
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    ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
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    ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
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    ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืœื ืžืคืจื˜ ื˜ื›ื ื™.
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    ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืœื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
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    ืื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ืงืฆื•ื‘ (ืื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœืื™ื–ื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช).
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    ืฉื™ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืกืขื™ืคื™ ืชื™ืงืฆื•ื‘.
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    ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืœืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ืงืฆื•ื‘.
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    ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืžืขโ€ืž.
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    ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช ื•ืกื›ื™ืžืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
ื”ืขืจื”- ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.


ืืฉืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช

ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ืžืจืชืง, โ€œืœื ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื”โ€ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื“ืŸ ืืจื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืขโ€ื™ ืขืžื•ืก ื˜ื‘ืจืกืงื™ ื•ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื›ื”ื ืžืŸ.

ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ- โ€œื”ืืžืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืชโ€, ืžืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื‘ื: ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืš 2 ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื”ืื—ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืขื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืขืกืงื™ืช.

ื”ืžื˜ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”; ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ื™, ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืขื˜ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ 25 ื“ื•ืœืจ. ื‘ืขื•ื“ืš ืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืคื”, ืืชื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืขื˜ ืžื•ืฆืข ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืฉืœ 18 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 15 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืžื” ืชืขืฉื”? ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืœื• ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื.

ื”ืžื˜ืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”; ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืžืคื•ืืจืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ 455 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”; ืœืคืชืข ืจื•ื›ืŸ ืืœื™ืš ืœืงื•ื— ืื—ืจ ื•ืœื•ื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ืš, ืฉืื•ืชื” ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘-448 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ืžืจื—ืง 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”. ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ื”ืคืขื? ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืœื• ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข.

ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”ื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื ืจืื” โ€œืฉื•ื ื”โ€ ืžื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™. 

ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช- ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ืขโ€ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ืœื•ืคื” ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจ ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.

ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืื•ืจืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”?

ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ื”.

ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›-100 ืกืขื™ืคื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ 10 ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉืกืš ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 50,000 ืœ-100,000

ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืชืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืจื™ื—ื™ ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ, ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื   10  ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืงืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื•ืช, 5,000 โ‚ช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ 100,000 โ‚ช ื ืจืื” ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.

ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• 10 ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 6,000 โ‚ช, ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื ื’ืœื” ืฉื—ืจื’ื ื• ื‘- 60,000 โ‚ช ืจืง ืžื”ื•ื™ืชื•ืจื™ื ื‘-10 ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืืจื™ืืœื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืืจื™ื—ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืืจื™ื— ื•ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืœืœื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

ืกื“ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”

ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ; ืžืขืงื‘, ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื•. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช, ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ืื—ืจืื™ืช. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื ื—ืกื›ื•. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

ืกื“ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืง ื•ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ืกื“ืจ ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจ ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

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